In electrical terms, a transformer primarily functions to do what?

A transformer primarily functions to increase or decrease voltage levels in an alternating current (AC) electrical system. This is achieved through electromagnetic induction, where the primary coil of the transformer creates a magnetic field that induces a current in the secondary coil. By adjusting the number of turns in the primary and secondary coils, the transformer can step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage levels as needed for various applications.

Transformers are critical in the electrical grid for efficiently transmitting power over long distances. High voltage levels are used for transmission to reduce energy losses, and transformers lower the voltage for consumer use in homes and businesses. This function is essential for maintaining the stability and efficiency of electrical systems.

The other options do not describe the primary function of a transformer accurately. While converting AC to DC refers to rectification, this is not something a transformer does. Storing energy is typically associated with capacitors or batteries, and measuring current flow is a function of ammeters or similar devices. Thus, the ability of a transformer to modify voltage levels is its defining and crucial role in electrical systems.