In a resonant circuit, how are the current and voltage related?

In a resonant circuit, the current and voltage are in phase with each other. This means that the peaks of the voltage waveform occur at the same time as the peaks of the current waveform. This phase relationship arises due to the characteristics of the circuit components at resonance, where inductive and capacitive reactance are equal and cancel each other out.

At this point, the circuit displays purely resistive behavior, leading to maximum power transfer. In such conditions, the impedance of the circuit is at its minimum, causing the voltage across the circuit and the current flowing through it to oscillate in sync. This relationship is critical in applications involving oscillators, tuning circuits, and filters, where precise control of voltage and current is essential.

The other options describe relationships that do not hold true in a resonant circuit. For instance, if they were out of phase, it would indicate reactive components dominating the behavior, which does not occur at resonance. Moreover, claiming dependence on frequency doesn’t accurately reflect the specific behavior at resonance, where the relationship stabilizes. Finally, stating that current and voltage are independent misrepresents the kind of synchronized behavior present in resonant circuits.